package ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server;

/*
 * #%L
 * HAPI FHIR - Core Library
 * %%
 * Copyright (C) 2014 - 2017 University Health Network
 * %%
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * #L%
 */
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isBlank;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isNotBlank;

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.jar.Manifest;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.UnavailableException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseResource;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IIdType;

import ca.uhn.fhir.context.*;
import ca.uhn.fhir.parser.IParser;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.annotation.*;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.MethodOutcome;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.RequestTypeEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.method.*;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.RestfulServerUtils.ResponseEncoding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.exceptions.*;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.interceptor.*;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.servlet.ServletRequestDetails;
import ca.uhn.fhir.util.*;

public class RestfulServer extends HttpServlet implements IRestfulServer<ServletRequestDetails> {

        /**
         * All incoming requests will have an attribute added to {@link HttpServletRequest#getAttribute(String)}
         * with this key. The value will be a Java {@link Date} with the time that request processing began.
         */
        public static final String REQUEST_START_TIME = RestfulServer.class.getName() + "REQUEST_START_TIME";

        /**
         * Default setting for {@link #setETagSupport(ETagSupportEnum) ETag Support}: {@link ETagSupportEnum#ENABLED}
         */
        public static final ETagSupportEnum DEFAULT_ETAG_SUPPORT = ETagSupportEnum.ENABLED;

        private static final ExceptionHandlingInterceptor DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_HANDLER = new ExceptionHandlingInterceptor();

        private static final org.slf4j.Logger ourLog = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestfulServer.class);

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        /**
         * Requests will have an HttpServletRequest attribute set with this name, containing the servlet
         * context, in order to avoid a dependency on Servlet-API 3.0+
         */
        public static final String SERVLET_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = "ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.RestfulServer.servlet_context";
        private BundleInclusionRule myBundleInclusionRule = BundleInclusionRule.BASED_ON_INCLUDES;
        private boolean myDefaultPrettyPrint = false;
        private EncodingEnum myDefaultResponseEncoding = EncodingEnum.XML;
        private ETagSupportEnum myETagSupport = DEFAULT_ETAG_SUPPORT;
        private FhirContext myFhirContext;
        private boolean myIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters = true;
        private String myImplementationDescription;
        private final List<IServerInterceptor> myInterceptors = new ArrayList<IServerInterceptor>();
        private IPagingProvider myPagingProvider;
        private final List<Object> myPlainProviders = new ArrayList<Object>();
        private Lock myProviderRegistrationMutex = new ReentrantLock();
        private Map<String, ResourceBinding> myResourceNameToBinding = new HashMap<String, ResourceBinding>();
        private final List<IResourceProvider> myResourceProviders = new ArrayList<IResourceProvider>();
        private IServerAddressStrategy myServerAddressStrategy = new IncomingRequestAddressStrategy();
        private ResourceBinding myServerBinding = new ResourceBinding();
        private BaseMethodBinding<?> myServerConformanceMethod;
        private Object myServerConformanceProvider;
        private String myServerName = "HAPI FHIR Server";
        /** This is configurable but by default we just use HAPI version */
        private String myServerVersion = VersionUtil.getVersion();
        private boolean myStarted;
        private Map<String, IResourceProvider> myTypeToProvider = new HashMap<String, IResourceProvider>();
        private boolean myUncompressIncomingContents = true;
        private boolean myUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes;

        /**
         * Constructor. Note that if no {@link FhirContext} is passed in to the server (either through the constructor, or
         * through {@link #setFhirContext(FhirContext)}) the server will determine which
         * version of FHIR to support through classpath scanning. This is brittle, and it is highly recommended to explicitly
         * specify a FHIR version.
         */
        public RestfulServer() {
                this(null);
        }

        /**
         * Constructor
         */
        public RestfulServer(FhirContext theCtx) {
                myFhirContext = theCtx;
        }

        private void addContentLocationHeaders(RequestDetails theRequest, HttpServletResponse servletResponse, MethodOutcome response, String resourceName) {
                if (response != null && response.getId() != null) {
                        addLocationHeader(theRequest, servletResponse, response, Constants.HEADER_LOCATION, resourceName);
                        addLocationHeader(theRequest, servletResponse, response, Constants.HEADER_CONTENT_LOCATION, resourceName);
                }
        }

        /**
         * This method is called prior to sending a response to incoming requests. It is used to add custom headers.
         * <p>
         * Use caution if overriding this method: it is recommended to call <code>super.addHeadersToResponse</code> to avoid
         * inadvertantly disabling functionality.
         * </p>
         */
        public void addHeadersToResponse(HttpServletResponse theHttpResponse) {
                StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
                b.append("HAPI FHIR ");
                b.append(VersionUtil.getVersion());
                b.append(" REST Server (FHIR Server; FHIR ");
                b.append(myFhirContext.getVersion().getVersion().getFhirVersionString());
                b.append('/');
                b.append(myFhirContext.getVersion().getVersion().name());
                b.append(")");
                theHttpResponse.addHeader("X-Powered-By", b.toString());
        }

        private void addLocationHeader(RequestDetails theRequest, HttpServletResponse theResponse, MethodOutcome response, String headerLocation, String resourceName) {
                StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
                b.append(theRequest.getFhirServerBase());
                b.append('/');
                b.append(resourceName);
                b.append('/');
                b.append(response.getId().getIdPart());
                if (response.getId().hasVersionIdPart()) {
                        b.append("/" + Constants.PARAM_HISTORY + "/");
                        b.append(response.getId().getVersionIdPart());
                }
                theResponse.addHeader(headerLocation, b.toString());

        }

        private void assertProviderIsValid(Object theNext) throws ConfigurationException {
                if (Modifier.isPublic(theNext.getClass().getModifiers()) == false) {
                        throw new ConfigurationException("Can not use provider '" + theNext.getClass() + "' - Class must be public");
                }
        }

        public RestulfulServerConfiguration createConfiguration() {
                RestulfulServerConfiguration result = new RestulfulServerConfiguration();
                result.setResourceBindings(getResourceBindings());
                result.setServerBindings(getServerBindings());
                result.setImplementationDescription(getImplementationDescription());
                result.setServerVersion(getServerVersion());
                result.setServerName(getServerName());
                result.setFhirContext(getFhirContext());
                result.setServerAddressStrategy(myServerAddressStrategy);
                InputStream inputStream = null;
                try {
                        inputStream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF");
                        if (inputStream != null) {
                                Manifest manifest = new Manifest(inputStream);
                                result.setConformanceDate(manifest.getMainAttributes().getValue("Build-Time"));
                        }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                        // fall through
                } finally {
                        if (inputStream != null) {
                                IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
                        }
                }
                return result;
        }

        @Override
        public void destroy() {
                if (getResourceProviders() != null) {
                        for (IResourceProvider iResourceProvider : getResourceProviders()) {
                                invokeDestroy(iResourceProvider);
                        }
                }
                if (myServerConformanceProvider != null) {
                        invokeDestroy(myServerConformanceProvider);
                }
                if (getPlainProviders() != null) {
                        for (Object next : getPlainProviders()) {
                                invokeDestroy(next);
                        }
                }
        }

        public BaseMethodBinding<?> determineResourceMethod(RequestDetails requestDetails, String requestPath) {
                RequestTypeEnum requestType = requestDetails.getRequestType();

                ResourceBinding resourceBinding = null;
                BaseMethodBinding<?> resourceMethod = null;
                String resourceName = requestDetails.getResourceName();
                if (myServerConformanceMethod.incomingServerRequestMatchesMethod(requestDetails)) {
                        resourceMethod = myServerConformanceMethod;
                } else if (resourceName == null) {
                        resourceBinding = myServerBinding;
                } else {
                        resourceBinding = myResourceNameToBinding.get(resourceName);
                        if (resourceBinding == null) {
                                throw new ResourceNotFoundException("Unknown resource type '" + resourceName + "' - Server knows how to handle: " + myResourceNameToBinding.keySet());
                        }
                }

                if (resourceMethod == null) {
                        if (resourceBinding != null) {
                                resourceMethod = resourceBinding.getMethod(requestDetails);
                        }
                }
                if (resourceMethod == null) {
                        if (isBlank(requestPath)) {
                                throw new InvalidRequestException(myFhirContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(RestfulServer.class, "rootRequest"));
                        } 
                        throw new InvalidRequestException(myFhirContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(RestfulServer.class, "unknownMethod", requestType.name(), requestPath, requestDetails.getParameters().keySet()));
                }
                return resourceMethod;
        }

        /**
         * Count length of URL string, but treating unescaped sequences (e.g. ' ') as their unescaped equivalent (%20)
         */
        protected int escapedLength(String theServletPath) {
                int delta = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < theServletPath.length(); i++) {
                        char next = theServletPath.charAt(i);
                        if (next == ' ') {
                                delta = delta + 2;
                        }
                }
                return theServletPath.length() + delta;
        }

        private void findResourceMethods(Object theProvider) {

                ourLog.info("Scanning type for RESTful methods: {}", theProvider.getClass());
                int count = 0;

                Class<?> clazz = theProvider.getClass();
                Class<?> supertype = clazz.getSuperclass();
                while (!Object.class.equals(supertype)) {
                        count += findResourceMethods(theProvider, supertype);
                        supertype = supertype.getSuperclass();
                }

                count += findResourceMethods(theProvider, clazz);

                if (count == 0) {
                        throw new ConfigurationException("Did not find any annotated RESTful methods on provider class " + theProvider.getClass().getCanonicalName());
                }
        }

        private int findResourceMethods(Object theProvider, Class<?> clazz) throws ConfigurationException {
                int count = 0;

                for (Method m : ReflectionUtil.getDeclaredMethods(clazz)) {
                        BaseMethodBinding<?> foundMethodBinding = BaseMethodBinding.bindMethod(m, getFhirContext(), theProvider);
                        if (foundMethodBinding == null) {
                                continue;
                        }

                        count++;

                        if (foundMethodBinding instanceof ConformanceMethodBinding) {
                                myServerConformanceMethod = foundMethodBinding;
                                continue;
                        }

                        if (!Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
                                throw new ConfigurationException("Method '" + m.getName() + "' is not public, FHIR RESTful methods must be public");
                        }
                        if (Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
                                throw new ConfigurationException("Method '" + m.getName() + "' is static, FHIR RESTful methods must not be static");
                        } 
                        ourLog.debug("Scanning public method: {}#{}", theProvider.getClass(), m.getName());

                        String resourceName = foundMethodBinding.getResourceName();
                        ResourceBinding resourceBinding;
                        if (resourceName == null) {
                                resourceBinding = myServerBinding;
                        } else {
                                RuntimeResourceDefinition definition = getFhirContext().getResourceDefinition(resourceName);
                                if (myResourceNameToBinding.containsKey(definition.getName())) {
                                        resourceBinding = myResourceNameToBinding.get(definition.getName());
                                } else {
                                        resourceBinding = new ResourceBinding();
                                        resourceBinding.setResourceName(resourceName);
                                        myResourceNameToBinding.put(resourceName, resourceBinding);
                                }
                        }

                        List<Class<?>> allowableParams = foundMethodBinding.getAllowableParamAnnotations();
                        if (allowableParams != null) {
                                for (Annotation[] nextParamAnnotations : m.getParameterAnnotations()) {
                                        for (Annotation annotation : nextParamAnnotations) {
                                                Package pack = annotation.annotationType().getPackage();
                                                if (pack.equals(IdParam.class.getPackage())) {
                                                        if (!allowableParams.contains(annotation.annotationType())) {
                                                                throw new ConfigurationException("Method[" + m.toString() + "] is not allowed to have a parameter annotated with " + annotation);
                                                        }
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        resourceBinding.addMethod(foundMethodBinding);
                        ourLog.debug(" * Method: {}#{} is a handler", theProvider.getClass(), m.getName());

                }

                return count;
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated As of HAPI FHIR 1.5, this property has been moved to
         *             {@link FhirContext#setAddProfileTagWhenEncoding(AddProfileTagEnum)}
         */
        @Override
        @Deprecated
        public AddProfileTagEnum getAddProfileTag() {
                return myFhirContext.getAddProfileTagWhenEncoding();
        }

        @Override
        public BundleInclusionRule getBundleInclusionRule() {
                return myBundleInclusionRule;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the default encoding to return (XML/JSON) if an incoming request does not specify a preference (either
         * with the <code>_format</code> URL parameter, or with an <code>Accept</code> header
         * in the request. The default is {@link EncodingEnum#XML}. Will not return null.
         */
        @Override
        public EncodingEnum getDefaultResponseEncoding() {
                return myDefaultResponseEncoding;
        }

        @Override
        public ETagSupportEnum getETagSupport() {
                return myETagSupport;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the {@link FhirContext} associated with this server. For efficient processing, resource providers and plain
         * providers should generally use this context if one is needed, as opposed to
         * creating their own.
         */
        @Override
        public FhirContext getFhirContext() {
                if (myFhirContext == null) {
                        //TODO: Use of a deprecated method should be resolved.
                        myFhirContext = new FhirContext();
                }
                return myFhirContext;
        }

        public String getImplementationDescription() {
                return myImplementationDescription;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a list of all registered server interceptors
         */
        @Override
        public List<IServerInterceptor> getInterceptors() {
                return Collections.unmodifiableList(myInterceptors);
        }

        @Override
        public IPagingProvider getPagingProvider() {
                return myPagingProvider;
        }

        /**
         * Provides the non-resource specific providers which implement method calls on this server
         *
         * @see #getResourceProviders()
         */
        public Collection<Object> getPlainProviders() {
                return myPlainProviders;
        }

        /**
         * Allows users of RestfulServer to override the getRequestPath method to let them build their custom request path
         * implementation
         *
         * @param requestFullPath
         *           the full request path
         * @param servletContextPath
         *           the servelet context path
         * @param servletPath
         *           the servelet path
         * @return created resource path
         */
        protected String getRequestPath(String requestFullPath, String servletContextPath, String servletPath) {
                return requestFullPath.substring(escapedLength(servletContextPath) + escapedLength(servletPath));
        }

        public Collection<ResourceBinding> getResourceBindings() {
                return myResourceNameToBinding.values();
        }

        /**
         * Provides the resource providers for this server
         */
        public Collection<IResourceProvider> getResourceProviders() {
                return myResourceProviders;
        }

        /**
         * Get the server address strategy, which is used to determine what base URL to provide clients to refer to this
         * server. Defaults to an instance of {@link IncomingRequestAddressStrategy}
         */
        public IServerAddressStrategy getServerAddressStrategy() {
                return myServerAddressStrategy;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the server base URL (with no trailing '/') for a given request
         */
        public String getServerBaseForRequest(HttpServletRequest theRequest) {
                String fhirServerBase;
                fhirServerBase = myServerAddressStrategy.determineServerBase(getServletContext(), theRequest);

                if (fhirServerBase.endsWith("/")) {
                        fhirServerBase = fhirServerBase.substring(0, fhirServerBase.length() - 1);
                }
                return fhirServerBase;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the method bindings for this server which are not specific to any particular resource type. This method is
         * internal to HAPI and developers generally do not need to interact with it. Use
         * with caution, as it may change.
         */
        public List<BaseMethodBinding<?>> getServerBindings() {
                return myServerBinding.getMethodBindings();
        }

        /**
         * Returns the server conformance provider, which is the provider that is used to generate the server's conformance
         * (metadata) statement if one has been explicitly defined.
         * <p>
         * By default, the ServerConformanceProvider for the declared version of FHIR is used, but this can be changed, or
         * set to <code>null</code> to use the appropriate one for the given FHIR version.
         * </p>
         */
        public Object getServerConformanceProvider() {
                return myServerConformanceProvider;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the server's name, as exported in conformance profiles exported by the server. This is informational only,
         * but can be helpful to set with something appropriate.
         *
         * @see RestfulServer#setServerName(String)
         */
        public String getServerName() {
                return myServerName;
        }

        public IResourceProvider getServerProfilesProvider() {
                return getFhirContext().getVersion().createServerProfilesProvider(this);
        }

        /**
         * Gets the server's version, as exported in conformance profiles exported by the server. This is informational only,
         * but can be helpful to set with something appropriate.
         */
        public String getServerVersion() {
                return myServerVersion;
        }

        protected void handleRequest(RequestTypeEnum theRequestType, HttpServletRequest theRequest, HttpServletResponse theResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
                String fhirServerBase = null;
                ServletRequestDetails requestDetails = new ServletRequestDetails();
                requestDetails.setServer(this);
                requestDetails.setRequestType(theRequestType);
                requestDetails.setServletRequest(theRequest);
                requestDetails.setServletResponse(theResponse);

                theRequest.setAttribute(SERVLET_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getServletContext());

                try {

                        /* ***********************************
                         * Parse out the request parameters
                         * ***********************************/
                        
                        String requestFullPath = StringUtils.defaultString(theRequest.getRequestURI());
                        String servletPath = StringUtils.defaultString(theRequest.getServletPath());
                        StringBuffer requestUrl = theRequest.getRequestURL();
                        String servletContextPath = IncomingRequestAddressStrategy.determineServletContextPath(theRequest, this);

                        /*
                         * Just for debugging..
                         */
                        if (ourLog.isTraceEnabled()) {
                                ourLog.trace("Request FullPath: {}", requestFullPath);
                                ourLog.trace("Servlet Path: {}", servletPath);
                                ourLog.trace("Request Url: {}", requestUrl);
                                ourLog.trace("Context Path: {}", servletContextPath);
                        }

                        String completeUrl;
                        Map<String, String[]> params = null;
                        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(theRequest.getQueryString())) {
                                completeUrl = requestUrl + "?" + theRequest.getQueryString();
                                /*
                                 * By default, we manually parse the request params (the URL params, or the body for
                                 * POST form queries) since Java containers can't be trusted to use UTF-8 encoding
                                 * when parsing. Specifically Tomcat 7 and Glassfish 4.0 use 8859-1 for some dumb
                                 * reason.... grr.....
                                 */
                                if (isIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters()) {
                                        String contentType = theRequest.getHeader(Constants.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE);
                                        if (theRequestType == RequestTypeEnum.POST && isNotBlank(contentType) && contentType.startsWith(Constants.CT_X_FORM_URLENCODED)) {
                                                String requestBody = new String(requestDetails.loadRequestContents(), Constants.CHARSET_UTF8);
                                                params = UrlUtil.parseQueryStrings(theRequest.getQueryString(), requestBody);
                                        } else if (theRequestType == RequestTypeEnum.GET) {
                                                params = UrlUtil.parseQueryString(theRequest.getQueryString());
                                        }
                                }
                        } else {
                                completeUrl = requestUrl.toString();
                        }

                        if (params == null) {
                                params = new HashMap<String, String[]>(theRequest.getParameterMap());
                        }

                        requestDetails.setParameters(params);

                        /* *************************
                         * Notify interceptors about the incoming request
                         * *************************/
                        
                        for (IServerInterceptor next : myInterceptors) {
                                boolean continueProcessing = next.incomingRequestPreProcessed(theRequest, theResponse);
                                if (!continueProcessing) {
                                        ourLog.debug("Interceptor {} returned false, not continuing processing");
                                        return;
                                }
                        }
                        
                        
                        String requestPath = getRequestPath(requestFullPath, servletContextPath, servletPath);

                        if (requestPath.length() > 0 && requestPath.charAt(0) == '/') {
                                requestPath = requestPath.substring(1);
                        }

                        fhirServerBase = getServerBaseForRequest(theRequest);

                        
                        IIdType id;
                        populateRequestDetailsFromRequestPath(requestDetails, requestPath);

                        if (theRequestType == RequestTypeEnum.PUT) {
                                String contentLocation = theRequest.getHeader(Constants.HEADER_CONTENT_LOCATION);
                                if (contentLocation != null) {
                                        id = myFhirContext.getVersion().newIdType();
                                        id.setValue(contentLocation);
                                        requestDetails.setId(id);
                                }
                        }

                        String acceptEncoding = theRequest.getHeader(Constants.HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING);
                        boolean respondGzip = false;
                        if (acceptEncoding != null) {
                                String[] parts = acceptEncoding.trim().split("\\s*,\\s*");
                                for (String string : parts) {
                                        if (string.equals("gzip")) {
                                                respondGzip = true;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        requestDetails.setRespondGzip(respondGzip);
                        requestDetails.setRequestPath(requestPath);
                        requestDetails.setFhirServerBase(fhirServerBase);
                        requestDetails.setCompleteUrl(completeUrl);

                        // String pagingAction = theRequest.getParameter(Constants.PARAM_PAGINGACTION);
                        // if (getPagingProvider() != null && isNotBlank(pagingAction)) {
                        // requestDetails.setRestOperationType(RestOperationTypeEnum.GET_PAGE);
                        // if (theRequestType != RequestTypeEnum.GET) {
                        // /*
                        // * We reconstruct the link-self URL using the request parameters, and this would break if the parameters came
                        // in using a POST. We could probably work around that but why bother unless
                        // * someone comes up with a reason for needing it.
                        // */
                        // throw new InvalidRequestException(getFhirContext().getLocalizer().getMessage(RestfulServer.class,
                        // "getPagesNonHttpGet"));
                        // }
                        // handlePagingRequest(requestDetails, theResponse, pagingAction);
                        // return;
                        // }

                        BaseMethodBinding<?> resourceMethod = determineResourceMethod(requestDetails, requestPath);

                        requestDetails.setRestOperationType(resourceMethod.getRestOperationType());

                        // Handle server interceptors
                        for (IServerInterceptor next : myInterceptors) {
                                boolean continueProcessing = next.incomingRequestPostProcessed(requestDetails, theRequest, theResponse);
                                if (!continueProcessing) {
                                        ourLog.debug("Interceptor {} returned false, not continuing processing");
                                        return;
                                }
                        }

                        /*
                         * Actualy invoke the server method. This call is to a HAPI method binding, which
                         * is an object that wraps a specific implementing (user-supplied) method, but
                         * handles its input and provides its output back to the client.
                         * 
                         * This is basically the end of processing for a successful request, since the
                         * method binding replies to the client and closes the response.
                         */
                        Closeable outputStreamOrWriter = (Closeable) resourceMethod.invokeServer(this, requestDetails);

                        for (int i = getInterceptors().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                IServerInterceptor next = getInterceptors().get(i);
                                next.processingCompletedNormally(requestDetails);
                        }

                        if (outputStreamOrWriter != null) {
                                outputStreamOrWriter.close();
                        }
                        
                } catch (NotModifiedException e) {

                        for (int i = getInterceptors().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                IServerInterceptor next = getInterceptors().get(i);
                                if (!next.handleException(requestDetails, e, theRequest, theResponse)) {
                                        ourLog.debug("Interceptor {} returned false, not continuing processing");
                                        return;
                                }
                        }
                        writeExceptionToResponse(theResponse, e);

                } catch (AuthenticationException e) {

                        for (int i = getInterceptors().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                IServerInterceptor next = getInterceptors().get(i);
                                if (!next.handleException(requestDetails, e, theRequest, theResponse)) {
                                        ourLog.debug("Interceptor {} returned false, not continuing processing");
                                        return;
                                }
                        }

                        writeExceptionToResponse(theResponse, e);

                } catch (Throwable e) {

                        /*
                         * We have caught an exception during request processing. This might be because a handling method threw
                         * something they wanted to throw (e.g. UnprocessableEntityException because the request
                         * had business requirement problems) or it could be due to bugs (e.g. NullPointerException).
                         * 
                         * First we let the interceptors have a crack at converting the exception into something HAPI can use
                         * (BaseServerResponseException)
                         */
                        BaseServerResponseException exception = null;
                        for (int i = getInterceptors().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                IServerInterceptor next = getInterceptors().get(i);
                                exception = next.preProcessOutgoingException(requestDetails, e, theRequest);
                                if (exception != null) {
                                        ourLog.debug("Interceptor {} returned false, not continuing processing");
                                        break;
                                }
                        }

                        /*
                         * If none of the interceptors converted the exception, default behaviour is to keep the exception as-is if it
                         * extends BaseServerResponseException, otherwise wrap it in an
                         * InternalErrorException.
                         */
                        if (exception == null) {
                                exception = DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_HANDLER.preProcessOutgoingException(requestDetails, e, theRequest);
                        }

                        /*
                         * Next, interceptors get a shot at handling the exception
                         */
                        for (int i = getInterceptors().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                IServerInterceptor next = getInterceptors().get(i);
                                if (!next.handleException(requestDetails, exception, theRequest, theResponse)) {
                                        ourLog.debug("Interceptor {} returned false, not continuing processing");
                                        return;
                                }
                        }

                        /*
                         * If we're handling an exception, no summary mode should be applied
                         */
                        requestDetails.getParameters().remove(Constants.PARAM_SUMMARY);
                        requestDetails.getParameters().remove(Constants.PARAM_ELEMENTS);

                        /*
                         * If nobody handles it, default behaviour is to stream back the OperationOutcome to the client.
                         */
                        DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_HANDLER.handleException(requestDetails, exception, theRequest, theResponse);

                }
        }

        /**
         * Initializes the server. Note that this method is final to avoid accidentally introducing bugs in implementations,
         * but subclasses may put initialization code in {@link #initialize()}, which is
         * called immediately before beginning initialization of the restful server's internal init.
         */
        @Override
        public final void init() throws ServletException {
                myProviderRegistrationMutex.lock();
                try {
                        initialize();

                        Object confProvider;
                        try {
                                ourLog.info("Initializing HAPI FHIR restful server running in " + getFhirContext().getVersion().getVersion().name() + " mode");

                                ProvidedResourceScanner providedResourceScanner = new ProvidedResourceScanner(getFhirContext());
                                providedResourceScanner.scanForProvidedResources(this);

                                Collection<IResourceProvider> resourceProvider = getResourceProviders();
                                // 'true' tells registerProviders() that
                                // this call is part of initialization
                                registerProviders(resourceProvider, true);

                                Collection<Object> providers = getPlainProviders();
                                // 'true' tells registerProviders() that
                                // this call is part of initialization
                                registerProviders(providers, true);

                                findResourceMethods(getServerProfilesProvider());

                                confProvider = getServerConformanceProvider();
                                if (confProvider == null) {
                                        confProvider = getFhirContext().getVersion().createServerConformanceProvider(this);
                                }
                                // findSystemMethods(confProvider);
                                findResourceMethods(confProvider);

                                ourLog.trace("Invoking provider initialize methods");
                                if (getResourceProviders() != null) {
                                        for (IResourceProvider iResourceProvider : getResourceProviders()) {
                                                invokeInitialize(iResourceProvider);
                                        }
                                }
                                if (confProvider != null) {
                                        invokeInitialize(confProvider);
                                }
                                if (getPlainProviders() != null) {
                                        for (Object next : getPlainProviders()) {
                                                invokeInitialize(next);
                                        }
                                }

                                /*
                                 * This is a bit odd, but we have a placeholder @GetPage method for now
                                 * that gets the server to bind for the paging request. At some point
                                 * it would be nice to set things up so that client code could provide
                                 * an alternate implementation, but this isn't currently possible..
                                 */
                                findResourceMethods(new PageProvider());

                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                                ourLog.error("An error occurred while loading request handlers!", ex);
                                throw new ServletException("Failed to initialize FHIR Restful server", ex);
                        }

                        myStarted = true;
                        ourLog.info("A FHIR has been lit on this server");
                } finally {
                        myProviderRegistrationMutex.unlock();
                }
        }

        /**
         * This method may be overridden by subclasses to do perform initialization that needs to be performed prior to the
         * server being used.
         * 
         * @throws ServletException
         *            If the initialization failed. Note that you should consider throwing {@link UnavailableException}
         *            (which extends {@link ServletException}), as this is a flag to the servlet container
         *            that the servlet is not usable.
         */
        protected void initialize() throws ServletException {
                // nothing by default
        }

        private void invokeDestroy(Object theProvider) {
                invokeDestroy(theProvider, theProvider.getClass());
        }

        private void invokeDestroy(Object theProvider, Class<?> clazz) {
                for (Method m : ReflectionUtil.getDeclaredMethods(clazz)) {
                        Destroy destroy = m.getAnnotation(Destroy.class);
                        if (destroy != null) {
                                try {
                                        m.invoke(theProvider);
                                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                                        ourLog.error("Exception occurred in destroy ", e);
                                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                                        ourLog.error("Exception occurred in destroy ", e);
                                }
                                return;
                        }
                }

                Class<?> supertype = clazz.getSuperclass();
                if (!Object.class.equals(supertype)) {
                        invokeDestroy(theProvider, supertype);
                }
        }

        private void invokeInitialize(Object theProvider) {
                invokeInitialize(theProvider, theProvider.getClass());
        }

        private void invokeInitialize(Object theProvider, Class<?> clazz) {
                for (Method m : ReflectionUtil.getDeclaredMethods(clazz)) {
                        Initialize initialize = m.getAnnotation(Initialize.class);
                        if (initialize != null) {
                                try {
                                        m.invoke(theProvider);
                                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                                        ourLog.error("Exception occurred in destroy ", e);
                                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                                        ourLog.error("Exception occurred in destroy ", e);
                                }
                                return;
                        }
                }

                Class<?> supertype = clazz.getSuperclass();
                if (!Object.class.equals(supertype)) {
                        invokeInitialize(theProvider, supertype);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Should the server "pretty print" responses by default (requesting clients can always override this default by
         * supplying an <code>Accept</code> header in the request, or a <code>_pretty</code>
         * parameter in the request URL.
         * <p>
         * The default is <code>false</code>
         * </p>
         * 
         * @return Returns the default pretty print setting
         */
        @Override
        public boolean isDefaultPrettyPrint() {
                return myDefaultPrettyPrint;
        }

        /**
         * If set to <code>true</code> (the default is <code>true</code>) this server will not
         * use the parsed request parameters (URL parameters and HTTP POST form contents) but
         * will instead parse these values manually from the request URL and request body.
         * <p>
         * This is useful because many servlet containers (e.g. Tomcat, Glassfish) will use
         * ISO-8859-1 encoding to parse escaped URL characters instead of using UTF-8
         * as is specified by FHIR.
         * </p>
         */
        public boolean isIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters() {
                return myIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters;
        }

        /**
         * Should the server attempt to decompress incoming request contents (default is <code>true</code>). Typically this
         * should be set to <code>true</code> unless the server has other configuration to
         * deal with decompressing request bodies (e.g. a filter applied to the whole server).
         */
        public boolean isUncompressIncomingContents() {
                return myUncompressIncomingContents;
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated This feature did not work well, and will be removed. Use {@link ResponseHighlighterInterceptor}
         *             instead as an interceptor on your server and it will provide more useful syntax
         *             highlighting. Deprocated in 1.4
         */
        @Deprecated
        @Override
        public boolean isUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes() {
                return myUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes;
        }

        public void populateRequestDetailsFromRequestPath(RequestDetails theRequestDetails, String theRequestPath) {
                StringTokenizer tok = new UrlPathTokenizer(theRequestPath);
                String resourceName = null;

                IIdType id = null;
                String operation = null;
                String compartment = null;
                if (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        resourceName = tok.nextToken();
                        if (partIsOperation(resourceName)) {
                                operation = resourceName;
                                resourceName = null;
                        }
                }
                theRequestDetails.setResourceName(resourceName);

                if (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        String nextString = tok.nextToken();
                        if (partIsOperation(nextString)) {
                                operation = nextString;
                        } else {
                                id = myFhirContext.getVersion().newIdType();
                                id.setParts(null, resourceName, UrlUtil.unescape(nextString), null);
                        }
                }

                if (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        String nextString = tok.nextToken();
                        if (nextString.equals(Constants.PARAM_HISTORY)) {
                                if (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                                        String versionString = tok.nextToken();
                                        if (id == null) {
                                                throw new InvalidRequestException("Don't know how to handle request path: " + theRequestPath);
                                        }
                                        id.setParts(null, resourceName, id.getIdPart(), UrlUtil.unescape(versionString));
                                } else {
                                        operation = Constants.PARAM_HISTORY;
                                }
                        } else if (partIsOperation(nextString)) {
                                if (operation != null) {
                                        throw new InvalidRequestException("URL Path contains two operations: " + theRequestPath);
                                }
                                operation = nextString;
                        } else {
                                compartment = nextString;
                        }
                }

                // Secondary is for things like ..../_tags/_delete
                String secondaryOperation = null;

                while (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                        String nextString = tok.nextToken();
                        if (operation == null) {
                                operation = nextString;
                        } else if (secondaryOperation == null) {
                                secondaryOperation = nextString;
                        } else {
                                throw new InvalidRequestException("URL path has unexpected token '" + nextString + "' at the end: " + theRequestPath);
                        }
                }

                theRequestDetails.setId(id);
                theRequestDetails.setOperation(operation);
                theRequestDetails.setSecondaryOperation(secondaryOperation);
                theRequestDetails.setCompartmentName(compartment);
        }

        public void registerInterceptor(IServerInterceptor theInterceptor) {
                Validate.notNull(theInterceptor, "Interceptor can not be null");
                myInterceptors.add(theInterceptor);
        }

        /**
         * Register a single provider. This could be a Resource Provider or a "plain" provider not associated with any
         * resource.
         */
        public void registerProvider(Object provider) {
                if (provider != null) {
                        Collection<Object> providerList = new ArrayList<Object>(1);
                        providerList.add(provider);
                        registerProviders(providerList);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Register a group of providers. These could be Resource Providers, "plain" providers or a mixture of the two.
         * 
         * @param providers
         *           a {@code Collection} of providers. The parameter could be null or an empty {@code Collection}
         */
        public void registerProviders(Collection<? extends Object> providers) {
                myProviderRegistrationMutex.lock();
                try {
                        if (!myStarted) {
                                for (Object provider : providers) {
                                        ourLog.info("Registration of provider [" + provider.getClass().getName() + "] will be delayed until FHIR server startup");
                                        if (provider instanceof IResourceProvider) {
                                                myResourceProviders.add((IResourceProvider) provider);
                                        } else {
                                                myPlainProviders.add(provider);
                                        }
                                }
                                return;
                        }
                } finally {
                        myProviderRegistrationMutex.unlock();
                }
                registerProviders(providers, false);
        }

        /*
         * Inner method to actually register providers
         */
        protected void registerProviders(Collection<? extends Object> providers, boolean inInit) {
                List<IResourceProvider> newResourceProviders = new ArrayList<IResourceProvider>();
                List<Object> newPlainProviders = new ArrayList<Object>();
                ProvidedResourceScanner providedResourceScanner = new ProvidedResourceScanner(getFhirContext());

                if (providers != null) {
                        for (Object provider : providers) {
                                if (provider instanceof IResourceProvider) {
                                        IResourceProvider rsrcProvider = (IResourceProvider) provider;
                                        Class<? extends IBaseResource> resourceType = rsrcProvider.getResourceType();
                                        if (resourceType == null) {
                                                throw new NullPointerException("getResourceType() on class '" + rsrcProvider.getClass().getCanonicalName() + "' returned null");
                                        }
                                        String resourceName = getFhirContext().getResourceDefinition(resourceType).getName();
                                        if (myTypeToProvider.containsKey(resourceName)) {
                                                throw new ConfigurationException("Multiple resource providers return resource type[" + resourceName + "]: First[" + myTypeToProvider.get(resourceName).getClass().getCanonicalName()
                                                                + "] and Second[" + rsrcProvider.getClass().getCanonicalName() + "]");
                                        }
                                        if (!inInit) {
                                                myResourceProviders.add(rsrcProvider);
                                        }
                                        myTypeToProvider.put(resourceName, rsrcProvider);
                                        providedResourceScanner.scanForProvidedResources(rsrcProvider);
                                        newResourceProviders.add(rsrcProvider);
                                } else {
                                        if (!inInit) {
                                                myPlainProviders.add(provider);
                                        }
                                        newPlainProviders.add(provider);
                                }

                        }
                        if (!newResourceProviders.isEmpty()) {
                                ourLog.info("Added {} resource provider(s). Total {}", newResourceProviders.size(), myTypeToProvider.size());
                                for (IResourceProvider provider : newResourceProviders) {
                                        assertProviderIsValid(provider);
                                        findResourceMethods(provider);
                                }
                        }
                        if (!newPlainProviders.isEmpty()) {
                                ourLog.info("Added {} plain provider(s). Total {}", newPlainProviders.size());
                                for (Object provider : newPlainProviders) {
                                        assertProviderIsValid(provider);
                                        findResourceMethods(provider);
                                }
                        }
                        if (!inInit) {
                                ourLog.trace("Invoking provider initialize methods");
                                if (!newResourceProviders.isEmpty()) {
                                        for (IResourceProvider provider : newResourceProviders) {
                                                invokeInitialize(provider);
                                        }
                                }
                                if (!newPlainProviders.isEmpty()) {
                                        for (Object provider : newPlainProviders) {
                                                invokeInitialize(provider);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * Remove registered RESTful methods for a Provider (and all superclasses) when it is being unregistered
         */
        private void removeResourceMethods(Object theProvider) throws Exception {
                ourLog.info("Removing RESTful methods for: {}", theProvider.getClass());
                Class<?> clazz = theProvider.getClass();
                Class<?> supertype = clazz.getSuperclass();
                Collection<String> resourceNames = new ArrayList<String>();
                while (!Object.class.equals(supertype)) {
                        removeResourceMethods(theProvider, supertype, resourceNames);
                        supertype = supertype.getSuperclass();
                }
                removeResourceMethods(theProvider, clazz, resourceNames);
                for (String resourceName : resourceNames) {
                        myResourceNameToBinding.remove(resourceName);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Collect the set of RESTful methods for a single class when it is being unregistered
         */
        private void removeResourceMethods(Object theProvider, Class<?> clazz, Collection<String> resourceNames) throws ConfigurationException {
                for (Method m : ReflectionUtil.getDeclaredMethods(clazz)) {
                        BaseMethodBinding<?> foundMethodBinding = BaseMethodBinding.bindMethod(m, getFhirContext(), theProvider);
                        if (foundMethodBinding == null) {
                                continue; // not a bound method
                        }
                        if (foundMethodBinding instanceof ConformanceMethodBinding) {
                                myServerConformanceMethod = null;
                                continue;
                        }
                        String resourceName = foundMethodBinding.getResourceName();
                        if (!resourceNames.contains(resourceName)) {
                                resourceNames.add(resourceName);
                        }
                }
        }

        public Object returnResponse(ServletRequestDetails theRequest, ParseAction<?> outcome, int operationStatus, boolean allowPrefer, MethodOutcome response, String resourceName) throws IOException {
                HttpServletResponse servletResponse = theRequest.getServletResponse();
                servletResponse.setStatus(operationStatus);
                servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding(Constants.CHARSET_NAME_UTF8);
                addHeadersToResponse(servletResponse);
                if (allowPrefer) {
                        addContentLocationHeaders(theRequest, servletResponse, response, resourceName);
                }
                Writer writer;
                if (outcome != null) {
                        ResponseEncoding encoding = RestfulServerUtils.determineResponseEncodingWithDefault(theRequest);
                        servletResponse.setContentType(encoding.getResourceContentType());
                        writer = servletResponse.getWriter();
                        IParser parser = encoding.getEncoding().newParser(getFhirContext());
                        parser.setPrettyPrint(RestfulServerUtils.prettyPrintResponse(this, theRequest));
                        outcome.execute(parser, writer);
                } else {
                        servletResponse.setContentType(Constants.CT_TEXT_WITH_UTF8);
                        writer = servletResponse.getWriter();
                }
                return writer;
        }

        @Override
        protected void service(HttpServletRequest theReq, HttpServletResponse theResp) throws ServletException, IOException {
                theReq.setAttribute(REQUEST_START_TIME, new Date());
                
                RequestTypeEnum method;
                try {
                        method = RequestTypeEnum.valueOf(theReq.getMethod());
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                        super.service(theReq, theResp);
                        return;
                }

                switch (method) {
                case DELETE:
                        doDelete(theReq, theResp);
                        break;
                case GET:
                        doGet(theReq, theResp);
                        break;
                case OPTIONS:
                        doOptions(theReq, theResp);
                        break;
                case POST:
                        doPost(theReq, theResp);
                        break;
                case PUT:
                        doPut(theReq, theResp);
                        break;
                default:
                        handleRequest(method, theReq, theResp);
                        break;
                }
        }

        @Override
        protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                handleRequest(RequestTypeEnum.DELETE, request, response);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                handleRequest(RequestTypeEnum.GET, request, response);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest theReq, HttpServletResponse theResp) throws ServletException, IOException {
                handleRequest(RequestTypeEnum.OPTIONS, theReq, theResp);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                handleRequest(RequestTypeEnum.POST, request, response);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                handleRequest(RequestTypeEnum.PUT, request, response);
        }

        /**
         * Sets the profile tagging behaviour for the server. When set to a value other than {@link AddProfileTagEnum#NEVER}
         * (which is the default), the server will automatically add a profile tag based on
         * the class of the resource(s) being returned.
         *
         * @param theAddProfileTag
         *           The behaviour enum (must not be null)
         * @deprecated As of HAPI FHIR 1.5, this property has been moved to
         *             {@link FhirContext#setAddProfileTagWhenEncoding(AddProfileTagEnum)}
         */
        @Deprecated
        @CoverageIgnore
        public void setAddProfileTag(AddProfileTagEnum theAddProfileTag) {
                Validate.notNull(theAddProfileTag, "theAddProfileTag must not be null");
                myFhirContext.setAddProfileTagWhenEncoding(theAddProfileTag);
        }

        /**
         * Set how bundle factory should decide whether referenced resources should be included in bundles
         *
         * @param theBundleInclusionRule
         *           - inclusion rule (@see BundleInclusionRule for behaviors)
         */
        public void setBundleInclusionRule(BundleInclusionRule theBundleInclusionRule) {
                myBundleInclusionRule = theBundleInclusionRule;
        }

        /**
         * Should the server "pretty print" responses by default (requesting clients can always override this default by
         * supplying an <code>Accept</code> header in the request, or a <code>_pretty</code>
         * parameter in the request URL.
         * <p>
         * The default is <code>false</code>
         * </p>
         * 
         * @param theDefaultPrettyPrint
         *           The default pretty print setting
         */
        public void setDefaultPrettyPrint(boolean theDefaultPrettyPrint) {
                myDefaultPrettyPrint = theDefaultPrettyPrint;
        }

        /**
         * Sets the default encoding to return (XML/JSON) if an incoming request does not specify a preference (either with
         * the <code>_format</code> URL parameter, or with an <code>Accept</code> header in
         * the request. The default is {@link EncodingEnum#XML}.
         * <p>
         * Note when testing this feature: Some browsers will include "application/xml" in their Accept header, which means
         * that the
         * </p>
         */
        public void setDefaultResponseEncoding(EncodingEnum theDefaultResponseEncoding) {
                Validate.notNull(theDefaultResponseEncoding, "theDefaultResponseEncoding can not be null");
                myDefaultResponseEncoding = theDefaultResponseEncoding;
        }

        /**
         * Sets (enables/disables) the server support for ETags. Must not be <code>null</code>. Default is
         * {@link #DEFAULT_ETAG_SUPPORT}
         * 
         * @param theETagSupport
         *           The ETag support mode
         */
        public void setETagSupport(ETagSupportEnum theETagSupport) {
                if (theETagSupport == null) {
                        throw new NullPointerException("theETagSupport can not be null");
                }
                myETagSupport = theETagSupport;
        }

        public void setFhirContext(FhirContext theFhirContext) {
                Validate.notNull(theFhirContext, "FhirContext must not be null");
                myFhirContext = theFhirContext;
        }

        /**
         * If set to <code>true</code> (the default is <code>true</code>) this server will not
         * use the parsed request parameters (URL parameters and HTTP POST form contents) but
         * will instead parse these values manually from the request URL and request body.
         * <p>
         * This is useful because many servlet containers (e.g. Tomcat, Glassfish) will use
         * ISO-8859-1 encoding to parse escaped URL characters instead of using UTF-8
         * as is specified by FHIR.
         * </p>
         */
        public void setIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters(boolean theIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters) {
                myIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters = theIgnoreServerParsedRequestParameters;
        }

        public void setImplementationDescription(String theImplementationDescription) {
                myImplementationDescription = theImplementationDescription;
        }

        /**
         * Sets (or clears) the list of interceptors
         *
         * @param theList
         *           The list of interceptors (may be null)
         */
        public void setInterceptors(IServerInterceptor... theList) {
                myInterceptors.clear();
                if (theList != null) {
                        myInterceptors.addAll(Arrays.asList(theList));
                }
        }

        /**
         * Sets (or clears) the list of interceptors
         *
         * @param theList
         *           The list of interceptors (may be null)
         */
        public void setInterceptors(List<IServerInterceptor> theList) {
                myInterceptors.clear();
                if (theList != null) {
                        myInterceptors.addAll(theList);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Sets the paging provider to use, or <code>null</code> to use no paging (which is the default)
         */
        public void setPagingProvider(IPagingProvider thePagingProvider) {
                myPagingProvider = thePagingProvider;
        }

        /**
         * Sets the non-resource specific providers which implement method calls on this server.
         *
         * @see #setResourceProviders(Collection)
         */
        public void setPlainProviders(Collection<Object> theProviders) {
                myPlainProviders.clear();
                if (theProviders != null) {
                        myPlainProviders.addAll(theProviders);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Sets the non-resource specific providers which implement method calls on this server.
         *
         * @see #setResourceProviders(Collection)
         */
        public void setPlainProviders(Object... theProv) {
                setPlainProviders(Arrays.asList(theProv));
        }

        /**
         * Sets the non-resource specific providers which implement method calls on this server
         *
         * @see #setResourceProviders(Collection)
         */
        public void setProviders(Object... theProviders) {
                myPlainProviders.clear();
                if (theProviders != null) {
                        myPlainProviders.addAll(Arrays.asList(theProviders));
                }
        }

        /**
         * Sets the resource providers for this server
         */
        public void setResourceProviders(Collection<IResourceProvider> theResourceProviders) {
                myResourceProviders.clear();
                if (theResourceProviders != null) {
                        myResourceProviders.addAll(theResourceProviders);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Sets the resource providers for this server
         */
        public void setResourceProviders(IResourceProvider... theResourceProviders) {
                myResourceProviders.clear();
                if (theResourceProviders != null) {
                        myResourceProviders.addAll(Arrays.asList(theResourceProviders));
                }
        }

        /**
         * Provide a server address strategy, which is used to determine what base URL to provide clients to refer to this
         * server. Defaults to an instance of {@link IncomingRequestAddressStrategy}
         */
        public void setServerAddressStrategy(IServerAddressStrategy theServerAddressStrategy) {
                Validate.notNull(theServerAddressStrategy, "Server address strategy can not be null");
                myServerAddressStrategy = theServerAddressStrategy;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the server conformance provider, which is the provider that is used to generate the server's conformance
         * (metadata) statement.
         * <p>
         * By default, the ServerConformanceProvider implementation for the declared version of FHIR is used, but this can be
         * changed, or set to <code>null</code> if you do not wish to export a conformance
         * statement.
         * </p>
         * Note that this method can only be called before the server is initialized.
         *
         * @throws IllegalStateException
         *            Note that this method can only be called prior to {@link #init() initialization} and will throw an
         *            {@link IllegalStateException} if called after that.
         */
        public void setServerConformanceProvider(Object theServerConformanceProvider) {
                if (myStarted) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Server is already started");
                }

                // call the setRestfulServer() method to point the Conformance
                // Provider to this server instance. This is done to avoid
                // passing the server into the constructor. Having that sort
                // of cross linkage causes reference cycles in Spring wiring
                try {
                        Method setRestfulServer = theServerConformanceProvider.getClass().getMethod("setRestfulServer", new Class[] { RestfulServer.class });
                        if (setRestfulServer != null) {
                                setRestfulServer.invoke(theServerConformanceProvider, new Object[] { this });
                        }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                        ourLog.warn("Error calling IServerConformanceProvider.setRestfulServer", e);
                }
                myServerConformanceProvider = theServerConformanceProvider;
        }

        /**
         * Sets the server's name, as exported in conformance profiles exported by the server. This is informational only,
         * but can be helpful to set with something appropriate.
         */
        public void setServerName(String theServerName) {
                myServerName = theServerName;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the server's version, as exported in conformance profiles exported by the server. This is informational only,
         * but can be helpful to set with something appropriate.
         */
        public void setServerVersion(String theServerVersion) {
                myServerVersion = theServerVersion;
        }

        /**
         * Should the server attempt to decompress incoming request contents (default is <code>true</code>). Typically this
         * should be set to <code>true</code> unless the server has other configuration to
         * deal with decompressing request bodies (e.g. a filter applied to the whole server).
         */
        public void setUncompressIncomingContents(boolean theUncompressIncomingContents) {
                myUncompressIncomingContents = theUncompressIncomingContents;
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated This feature did not work well, and will be removed. Use {@link ResponseHighlighterInterceptor}
         *             instead as an interceptor on your server and it will provide more useful syntax
         *             highlighting. Deprocated in 1.4
         */
        @Deprecated
        public void setUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes(boolean theUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes) {
                myUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes = theUseBrowserFriendlyContentTypes;
        }

        public void unregisterInterceptor(IServerInterceptor theInterceptor) {
                Validate.notNull(theInterceptor, "Interceptor can not be null");
                myInterceptors.remove(theInterceptor);
        }

        /**
         * Unregister one provider (either a Resource provider or a plain provider)
         * 
         * @param provider
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public void unregisterProvider(Object provider) throws Exception {
                if (provider != null) {
                        Collection<Object> providerList = new ArrayList<Object>(1);
                        providerList.add(provider);
                        unregisterProviders(providerList);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Unregister a {@code Collection} of providers
         * 
         * @param providers
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public void unregisterProviders(Collection<? extends Object> providers) throws Exception {
                ProvidedResourceScanner providedResourceScanner = new ProvidedResourceScanner(getFhirContext());
                if (providers != null) {
                        for (Object provider : providers) {
                                removeResourceMethods(provider);
                                if (provider instanceof IResourceProvider) {
                                        myResourceProviders.remove(provider);
                                        IResourceProvider rsrcProvider = (IResourceProvider) provider;
                                        Class<? extends IBaseResource> resourceType = rsrcProvider.getResourceType();
                                        String resourceName = getFhirContext().getResourceDefinition(resourceType).getName();
                                        myTypeToProvider.remove(resourceName);
                                        providedResourceScanner.removeProvidedResources(rsrcProvider);
                                } else {
                                        myPlainProviders.remove(provider);
                                }
                                invokeDestroy(provider);
                        }
                }
        }

        private void writeExceptionToResponse(HttpServletResponse theResponse, BaseServerResponseException theException) throws IOException {
                theResponse.setStatus(theException.getStatusCode());
                addHeadersToResponse(theResponse);
                if (theException.hasResponseHeaders()) {
                        for (Entry<String, List<String>> nextEntry : theException.getResponseHeaders().entrySet()) {
                                for (String nextValue : nextEntry.getValue()) {
                                        if (isNotBlank(nextValue)) {
                                                theResponse.addHeader(nextEntry.getKey(), nextValue);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                theResponse.setContentType("text/plain");
                theResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
                theResponse.getWriter().write(theException.getMessage());
        }

        private static boolean partIsOperation(String nextString) {
                return nextString.length() > 0 && (nextString.charAt(0) == '_' || nextString.charAt(0) == '$' || nextString.equals(Constants.URL_TOKEN_METADATA));
        }

}